d3d_set_projection_ext(xfrom, yfrom, zfrom, xto, yto, zto, xup, yup, zup, angle, aspect, znear, zfar)
| Argument | Description |
|---|---|
| xfrom | The x coordinate of the position to look from. |
| yfrom | The y coordinate of the position to look from. |
| zfrom | The z coordinate of the position to look from. |
| xto | The x coordinate of the position to look to. |
| yto | The x coordinate of the position to look to. |
| zto | The x coordinate of the position to look to. |
| xup | The x coordinate of the "up" vector. |
| yup | The y coordinate of the "up" vector. |
| zup | The z coordinate of the "up" vector. |
| angle | The field of view angle. |
| aspect | Aspect ratio between horizontal and vertical size of the view. |
| znear | The near clipping plane. |
| zfar | The far clipping plane. |
Returns: N/A
This function sets up the initial projection matrix as well as
the view matrix for a 3D game, where (basically) the view matrix
controls where the camera is and the projection matrix controls how
the world is projected onto a 2D screen. If you just wish to move
the view (camera) around, you should be using the function d3d_set_projection.
To set the view into the world you first need the position you look
from , which is indicated by the parameters (xfrom, yfrom, zfrom).
Next you must specify the direction you look in and this is done by
giving a second point to look towards with the arguments (xto, yto,
zto). Finally, you can still rotate the camera around the line from
the viewpoint to the looking point, and to specify this we must
give an "up" vector, that is, the direction that is upwards in the
camera and this is given by the three arguments (xup, yup,
zup).
Once you specify the camera position, point to look at, and up
vector, you can still change how wide the lens of the camera is
(called the field of view) by setting the (angle) argument
to a chosen value, with a reasonable value being somewhere between
40 and 45 degrees. Next you can specify the aspect ratio between
the horizontal and vertical projection. Now, normally you want to
use the same as the aspect ratio of the room or view, e.g. 640/480,
but in special circumstances you may wish to change this. Finally
you can indicate the clipping planes. Objects that are closer than
znear to the camera are not drawn, and similarly, objects that are
further than zfar will not be drawn. It can be important to set
these parameters to reasonable values because they also influence
the precision of the z-comparisons and if you make the range too
large then the precision gets worse. The default values are 1 and
32000, and znear must be larger than 0.
with (obj_camera)
{
var xx, yy, r;
xx = x + cos(direction * pi / 180);
yy = y - sin(direction * pi / 180);
r = view_wview[0] / view_hview[0];
d3d_set_projection_ext(x, y, 10, xx, yy, 10, 0,
0, 1, 60, r, 1, 16000);
}
The above code creates a typical first person shooter projection, rotated using the current camera object direction, and with a custom field of view of 60 degrees and a low far clipping distance.